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淺談否定副詞“不”和“沒(méi)”的區(qū)別
摘 要
否定副詞“不”和“沒(méi)”的語(yǔ)義特征導(dǎo)致了2者的用法不同，特別是“不”與“沒(méi)”在表時(shí)上有很大差異。同時(shí)2者的差別還體現(xiàn)在與現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中表示體范疇的詞組合能力上。
“不”和“沒(méi)”的區(qū)別并非2者是否受時(shí)間因素制約的問(wèn)題，也并非單純的語(yǔ)義問(wèn)題，而是1個(gè)涉及時(shí)、體、語(yǔ)義和語(yǔ)境等多種因素的復(fù)雜問(wèn)題。所以單純從語(yǔ)義角度去解釋?zhuān)行﹩?wèn)題仍然得不到令人信服的答案。本文將從“不”與“沒(méi)”與謂詞組合能力，以及2者的表時(shí)差異，表體差異3個(gè)角度，比較“不”與“沒(méi)”的不同。另外本文還將結(jié)合具體的語(yǔ)境對(duì)副詞“不”和“沒(méi)”的區(qū)別進(jìn)行進(jìn)1步探討。
關(guān)鍵詞：“不” ；“沒(méi)” ；句法功能； 語(yǔ)義特征
ABSTRACT
The semantic feature of negative adverb “bu” and “mei” causes the usage of this two words different, especially when they express tense. At the same time， their differences also reflect in ability of combine with words which express “aspect” in modern Chinese.
The difference between “bu” and “mei” is not a simple problem of whether they have been restricted by tense factory, and also not simple semantic feature problem, but a complicated problem that involves various factors, such as tense, aspect, and the language context. So explain simply, some questions can not still get the convincing answer in terms of semanteme. This text will compare “bu” and “mei” in three respects: the ability of combine with predicate word, different usage when they express “tens”, different usage when they express “aspect”. In addition, this text will also combine the concrete language context to analyse the further differences of the adverbial words “bu” and “mei”.
Key words: “bu”; “mei”; Function of the sentence structure; Semantic feature
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