小活動(dòng) 大作用-看市級(jí)課題《地域文化的英語(yǔ)校本課程的開(kāi)發(fā)和

摘要：市級(jí)課題《地域文化的英語(yǔ)校本課程的開(kāi)發(fā)和研究》中，組織了很多小活動(dòng)。其中，高中年級(jí)組織的是以“說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，話(huà)家鄉(xiāng)”為主題的英語(yǔ)演講比賽，這雖然只是一個(gè)小活動(dòng)，對(duì)學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中卻具有很大的積極作用，促進(jìn)了學(xué)生各方面能力的提高。根據(jù)新課標(biāo)中英語(yǔ)課程的課程目標(biāo)，在語(yǔ)言技能、語(yǔ)言知識(shí)、情感態(tài)度、學(xué)習(xí)策略和文化意識(shí)中都起到了一定的積極作用。
關(guān)鍵詞：課題活動(dòng)；英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)；作用
        筆者任教的學(xué)校馬鞍山六中承擔(dān)了一個(gè)市級(jí)課題的研究，題目是《地域文化的英語(yǔ)校本課程的開(kāi)發(fā)和研究》，在這個(gè)課題研究實(shí)施當(dāng)中，組織了很多小活動(dòng)，如在班級(jí)組建“英語(yǔ)角”專(zhuān)欄，通過(guò)組建校園英語(yǔ)廣播“快樂(lè)英語(yǔ)加油站”將英語(yǔ)延伸到課外，組織一次“說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，話(huà)家鄉(xiāng)”英語(yǔ)演講比賽，組織一次“今天我來(lái)當(dāng)導(dǎo)游”的行為實(shí)踐活動(dòng)，組織一次“My Hometown”為主體的征文活動(dòng)等，以一系列的英語(yǔ)活動(dòng)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生熱愛(ài)家鄉(xiāng)的情感，增強(qiáng)他們學(xué)英語(yǔ)，用英語(yǔ)的興趣。其中，高中年級(jí)組織的是以“說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，話(huà)家鄉(xiāng)”為主題的英語(yǔ)演講比賽，這雖然只是一個(gè)小活動(dòng)，對(duì)學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)中卻具有很大的積極作用，促進(jìn)了學(xué)生各方面能力的提高。根據(jù)《新課標(biāo)》中英語(yǔ)課程的課程目標(biāo)，從以下幾個(gè)方面來(lái)看看這個(gè)小活動(dòng)所起的促進(jìn)作用。
        一、語(yǔ)言技能
        參加演講比賽的學(xué)生是高一學(xué)生，即將進(jìn)入高二年級(jí)，以普通高中畢業(yè)的要求七級(jí)為準(zhǔn)，檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生在活動(dòng)中及活動(dòng)后所能達(dá)到的目標(biāo)。
        語(yǔ)言技能分為聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)等方面，在這個(gè)活動(dòng)中，參加演講的學(xué)生從班級(jí)中先挑選，學(xué)生自主參加，由教師和本班級(jí)其他學(xué)生一起參與評(píng)選，在此過(guò)程中鍛煉了學(xué)生聽(tīng)的能力，大部分學(xué)生能聽(tīng)懂演講者就此話(huà)題的內(nèi)容并能抓住要點(diǎn)，演講者也能用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)調(diào)和節(jié)奏表達(dá)自己的演講內(nèi)容，讓學(xué)生討論評(píng)選，給了學(xué)生就此話(huà)題交流討論的機(jī)會(huì)。在選拔出本班的參賽者后，教師讓學(xué)生去獲取相應(yīng)的資料并整合信息，寫(xiě)成演講稿。從以上的步驟中，學(xué)生鍛煉了聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)聽(tīng)力，基本達(dá)到目標(biāo)語(yǔ)言技能要求，使學(xué)生向更好的語(yǔ)言技能方向發(fā)展。
        二、語(yǔ)言知識(shí)
        參賽學(xué)生在演講的訓(xùn)練中逐步做到語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)自然流暢。在演講稿的寫(xiě)作中，學(xué)會(huì)使用一些新的詞匯和短語(yǔ)，擴(kuò)充了詞匯量，學(xué)習(xí)去使用適當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言描述事物。演講的題目是“說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，話(huà)家鄉(xiāng)”，能讓學(xué)生熟悉此方面的話(huà)題。
        三、情感態(tài)度
        在這一方面，這個(gè)小活動(dòng)更是起到了意想不到的作用，通過(guò)此次演講比賽，學(xué)生提高了學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的愿望和興趣，大部分同學(xué)都能積極參與這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。這次活動(dòng)也大大增加了學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的自信心，在活動(dòng)中遇到一些困難，愿意主動(dòng)向成績(jī)較好的學(xué)生或教師求教。參賽者之間更是能相互合作，分享獲取的各類(lèi)與此有關(guān)的資料。通過(guò)這次活動(dòng)，筆者看到了學(xué)生對(duì)于本地文化的喜愛(ài)，熱愛(ài)自己家鄉(xiāng)的情感溢于言表。
        四、學(xué)習(xí)策略
        從此次活動(dòng)中，學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)了主動(dòng)拓寬英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的渠道，積極與同學(xué)交流探討，通過(guò)書(shū)籍和網(wǎng)絡(luò)獲得了更廣泛的英語(yǔ)信息，擴(kuò)展了所學(xué)知識(shí)。在閱讀一些英語(yǔ)文獻(xiàn)資料時(shí)，學(xué)會(huì)借助情景和上下文猜測(cè)詞義和推測(cè)段落大意。通過(guò)這些學(xué)習(xí)策略的認(rèn)知與歸納，更有助于提高語(yǔ)言技能。
        五、文化意識(shí)
        通過(guò)對(duì)家鄉(xiāng)的描述，學(xué)生更深入了解了我們國(guó)家的文化和風(fēng)俗，更了解本國(guó)人的生活方式，及在行為舉止和待人接物等各方面的做法。在此基礎(chǔ)上，學(xué)生更愿意主動(dòng)積極地去了解英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的文化和風(fēng)俗，了解英語(yǔ)國(guó)家人們的生活方式和行為方式，由此培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的世界意識(shí)。通過(guò)文化對(duì)比，加深對(duì)祖國(guó)文化的理解和熱愛(ài)。
看似小小的一個(gè)活動(dòng)，卻可以從各方面提高學(xué)生的文化知識(shí)水平。從學(xué)生此次的演講稿中，筆者挑選了兩篇經(jīng)過(guò)修改的文章，無(wú)論從哪個(gè)方面看，這些文章都可以體現(xiàn)出學(xué)生的進(jìn)步。
        例文：
        My Hometown
                                  Class 1, Senior 1 Ge Yuanting
        Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. My name is Geyuanting and I am from Class 1, Senior 1. Today I feel great honored to be here to make a speech. Have you heard of the famous Chinese poet---LiBai? Do you know which city enjoys great reputation because of him? Yes, it is Maanshan. Though in recent ten years, the city has changed beyond recognition, still there is a long way to go. Now if I were Mayor of Maanshan , I would do whatever I could to promote the image of Maanshan among citizens.
        It is known to us that Maanshan has developed from a small fishing town to a modern city, which has taken on a new look. Because of its clear sky, beautiful scenery and amazing tourist spots, Maanshan has been honored as one of the first national garden cities in China. If I were Mayor of Maanshan, I would express my sincere thanks to all my citizens. It is owing to your efforts and contributions that has created what we possess now. It is owing to your support and hardwork that has made Maanshan as it is today. It is owing to you that has made impossible possible.       If I were Mayor of Maanshan, what I would like to do most is to set all parks, museums and libraries for free. Since Maanshan is known as the city of poetry, the morality of local people should be improved. There are several famous parks in our city, such as CaiShi Rock Park, LinSnzhi Memorial, ZhuRan Tomb. Therefore, easy access to parks, musumes and librariesd of the city as well, should be provided. Only in this case can the people of Maanshan enjoy the fresh air and build their bodies in the parks. Only in this case can the people of Maanshan more often to gain a broad view of the world. Only in this case can the people of Maanshan spend most of their free time.
        Thus, if I were Mayor of Maanshan, I would make policies to ensure that pour parks, museums and libraries are open for free. If I were Mayor of Maanshan, I hope all citizens will make great contributions together to making our city a heaven on earth where people live in harmony with nature and with each other peacefully and happily.
        Thank you for your listening!
        例文2:
        If I were Mayor of Maanshan
                          Class 4, Senior 1   Zhou Yajuan
        Good afternoon, my dear judgers and fellow students. My name is Zhouyajuan. I stand here today, humbled by the task given by the teacher, grateful for the trust you have bestowed. The topic of my English speech is “If I were Mayor of Maanshan, What would I do?”
        My fellow students, please open your eyes and look around our city. Air pollution has made the sky gray, water pollution has made the rivers filled with harmful chemicals, and noise pollution has made our lives lack of pace. What shall we do now？We must take actions to protect our city. It is our duty and we shall do it right now.
        Nowadays, protecting the environment is a hot topic among the people, we always mentioned the low-carbon economy, recycling and so on. If I were Mayor of Maanshan, I would focus on protecting the environment first. I would make our citizens aware of the importance of protecting the environment. It is not one person’s job, so please join me. Let’s remember ----United, we stand. Divided, we fall.
        Some may say our city has been one of the first national garden cities in China. We have already done well. No! Protecting the environment is a long and arduous task.
        We cannot be satisfied with what we have done. If we feel tired, please think of the people suffering severe water shortage in the southeast of our country. Protect the environment or the environment will punish us. 
        That’s all. Thank you.  
        平時(shí)這些學(xué)生的寫(xiě)作水平并不好，但是能寫(xiě)出這樣的文章著實(shí)令我們教師感到高興，這不僅有學(xué)生自身的努力，更有教師的辛勤培育。這次活動(dòng)只是一個(gè)開(kāi)頭，希望能通過(guò)這類(lèi)活動(dòng)的開(kāi)展增加學(xué)生對(duì)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的興趣，提高學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的各方面能力。 
參考文獻(xiàn)：
[1]Krashen, Stephen & Torrace. Fundamentals of Language Education[M]. California: Laredo press.
[2]Littlewood, William. Communicative Language Teaching[M]. New York: Cambridge University Press. 
[3]陳琳等.普通高中英語(yǔ)課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(實(shí)驗(yàn))解讀[S].南京：江蘇教育出版社,2004.
[4]顧曰國(guó).英語(yǔ)教學(xué)法[M].北京：外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究出版社, 2002.
[5]秦志強(qiáng).中國(guó)高中學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)策略的研究[J]. 山東師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào) 

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