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英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句解析

時(shí)間:2024-12-05 05:57:04 基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ) 我要投稿

英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句解析

  “賓語(yǔ)從句是名詞性從句的一種。在主從復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ),位于及物動(dòng)詞、介詞或復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)之后的從句稱為賓語(yǔ)從句。下面由小編告訴大家什么叫賓語(yǔ)從句,希望可以給你帶來(lái)幫助!

英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句解析

  賓語(yǔ)從句

  1.語(yǔ)序

  無(wú)論主句是陳述句還是疑問(wèn)句,賓語(yǔ)從句都必須使用陳述語(yǔ)序,即“主句+連詞+賓語(yǔ)從句(主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+……)”句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分,可分為以下四種:

  1)連接詞+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)。常見的連接詞有: who,what,which等。如:

  Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告訴我誰(shuí)知道答案嗎?

  The small children don't know what is in their stockings.這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西?

  2)連接詞+名詞+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。常見的連接詞有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等。如:

  He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他問(wèn)我們班上誰(shuí)的書法最好。

  The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老師問(wèn)我們房間里有多少人。

  3)連接詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。常見的連接詞有:who(m),what,which,how many,how much, when,why,how,where,if /whether(在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分)等。如:

  He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.他還沒決定是否去無(wú)錫旅行。

  Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎?

  4)連接詞+名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)。連接詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)。常見的連接詞有:what,which,how many,how much,how等。如:

  Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪個(gè)班嗎?

  She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她問(wèn)我是否知道這是誰(shuí)的鋼筆。

  2.連接詞

  1)當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),用that引導(dǎo),that無(wú)詞義,在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略。如:

  He said that he could finish his work before supper.他說(shuō)他會(huì)在晚飯前完成工作。

  2)當(dāng)由一般疑問(wèn)句充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),用if或whether引導(dǎo),意為“是否”。如:

  I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。

  但在下列情況下只能用whether:

 、僭诰哂羞x擇意義,又有or或or not時(shí),尤其是直接與or not連用時(shí),往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如:

  Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whether or not he will come)讓我知道他是否能來(lái)。

  I don't know whether /if he does any washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not he does any washing.)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。

  I wonder whether we stay or whether wego.我不知道我們是去還是留。

 、谠诮樵~之后用whether。如:

  I'm interested in whether he likes English.我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語(yǔ)。

  We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.我們正在考慮是否能按時(shí)完成這項(xiàng)工作。

  I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。

  ③在不定式前用whether。如:

  He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。

  I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。

  He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。

 、躻hether置于句首時(shí),不能換用if。如:

  Whether this is true or not,I can't say.這是否真的我說(shuō)不上來(lái)。

  ⑤引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)宜用whether。如:

  Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能來(lái)還是個(gè)問(wèn)題。

  The question is whether we can catch the bus.問(wèn)題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。

 、奕粲胕f會(huì)引起歧義時(shí),則用whether。如:

  Please let me know if you like the book.可理解為:

  a.Please let me know whether you like the book.請(qǐng)告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。

  b.If you like the book,please let me know.你如果喜歡這本書,請(qǐng)告訴我。

  3)如果賓語(yǔ)從句原來(lái)是特殊疑問(wèn)句,只需用原來(lái)的特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)。如:

  Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?你能告訴我今天早上你為什么開會(huì)遲到嗎?

  3.時(shí)態(tài)

  含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句,主、從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)應(yīng)包括以下三點(diǎn)內(nèi)容:

  1)如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)需要,選用相應(yīng)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。如:

  I don't know when he will come back.我不知道他將何時(shí)回來(lái)。

  He tells me that his sister came back yesterday.他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來(lái)了。

  2)如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只可根據(jù)需要,選用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)即一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)的某一種形式。如:

 、賂he children didn't know who he was.孩子們不知道他是誰(shuí)。

 、贖e asked his father how it happened.他問(wèn)他父親這件事是如何發(fā)生的。

  3)如果賓語(yǔ)從句所表示的是客觀事實(shí)、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作等,不管主句用什么時(shí)態(tài),從句時(shí)態(tài)都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如:

  The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老師說(shuō)地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。

  4.注意:

  if和when既可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,也可以引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句,應(yīng)注意它們?cè)趦煞N從句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),分別意為“是否”和“何時(shí)”,其時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)和主句時(shí)態(tài)相呼應(yīng);它們引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),意思分別為“如果,假如”和“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”,當(dāng)主句時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí),其時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。它們常常放在含有狀語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句的題干中進(jìn)行綜合考查。如:

  —Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你知道他明天什么時(shí)候回來(lái)嗎?

  —Sorry,I don't know.When he comes back,I'll tell you.對(duì)不起,不知道。當(dāng)他回來(lái)了,我將告訴你。

  —I don't know if he will come.我不知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。

  —He will come if it doesn't rain.如果不下雨,他會(huì)來(lái)的。

  英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)

  一.賓語(yǔ)從句的定義

  置于動(dòng)詞、介詞等詞性后面起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述語(yǔ)序。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能帶賓語(yǔ)從句。有些形容詞(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句。

  二.賓語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞的用法

  在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)詞有:

  連詞:that (that ?墒÷),whether, if 。代詞:who, whose, what ,which 。副詞:when ,where, how, why 等。(一)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(在非正式場(chǎng)合that可以省略)

  可跟that從句做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。

  例句:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.

  注意事項(xiàng):當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等詞,而賓語(yǔ)從句的意思是否定時(shí),常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。

  例句:I don't think it is right for him to treat you like that.

  在以下情況中that不能省略

  1當(dāng)句中的動(dòng)詞后接多于兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),第一個(gè)that可省,但后面的that不可省。

  例句:He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.

  2當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與that賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí),that一般不可省。

  例句:Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.

  3當(dāng)that從句是雙賓語(yǔ)中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí),that不可省。

  例句:I can't tell him that his mother died.

  注意事項(xiàng):許多帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子,that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部,而用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。

  例句:I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.

  (二)由whether,if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

  由whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,實(shí)際上是一般疑問(wèn)句演變而來(lái)的。意思是"是否"。賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。一般說(shuō)來(lái),在賓語(yǔ)從句中whether與if可以互換使用,但在特殊情況下if與whether是不能互換的。

  例句:I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.

  只能用whether,不能用if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

  在帶to的不定式前

  例句:We decided whether to walk there.

  1在介詞的后面 例句:I'm thinking of whether we should go to see the film.

  2在動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句 例句:We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week

  3直接與or not連用時(shí) 例句:I can't say whether or not thet can come on time.

  只能用if不能用whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

  1 if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,意為"如果" 例句:The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.

  2 if引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí) 例句:He asked if I didn't come to school yesterday.

  3 引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句even if(即使)和as if(好象)時(shí) 例句:He talks as if he has known all about it.

  (三)連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

  這樣的賓語(yǔ)從句實(shí)際上是由特殊疑問(wèn)句變化而來(lái)的,賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞常常是:see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。

  英語(yǔ)中的連接代詞有:who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)。

  例句:Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?

  英語(yǔ)中的連接副詞有:when,where,why,how,在句中擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)的成分。

  例句:None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.

  三.賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序是陳述句語(yǔ)序即:連接代詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分。例句如下:1 I don't know what they are looking for. 2 Could you tell me when the train will leave?

  3 Can you imagine what kind of man he is?

  四.賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)

  1主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。例句:The headmaster hopes everything goes well.

  2主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),從句須用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。

  例句:She was sorry that she hadn't finished her work on time.

  3 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是一個(gè)客觀真理或者事實(shí)時(shí),即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí),從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。

  例句:The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.

  五.賓語(yǔ)從句的特點(diǎn)

  1賓語(yǔ)從句可以作及物動(dòng)詞、介詞及形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。 2 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序一律用陳述句語(yǔ)序。

  3連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句在句中無(wú)詞義,不充當(dāng)句子成份,多數(shù)情況下可以省略。

  4whether 和 if 都可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,但 whether后可緊跟or not;whether從句可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。

  5 如果從句太長(zhǎng),可以用形式賓語(yǔ)it.

  介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句

  用wh-類的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句

  We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.

  我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部.

  The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.

  這本新書是關(guān)于神州6號(hào)載人航天飛船是如何升入太空的.

  用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語(yǔ)從句

  有時(shí)候except,but,besides三個(gè)介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句

  I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.

  對(duì)于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一無(wú)所知.

  形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句

  常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的形容詞有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised

  I am sure I will pass the exam.

  我確信我會(huì)通過(guò)考試.

  I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.

  很抱歉我這么長(zhǎng)時(shí)間在打擾你.

  He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.

  他很高興在他生病的時(shí)候李明能去看望他.

  英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句的三個(gè)難點(diǎn)

  一、賓語(yǔ)從句與形式賓語(yǔ)it

  當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句后跟有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),通常在賓語(yǔ)從句處使用形式賓語(yǔ)it,而將真正的賓語(yǔ)從句移至句末。如:

  I think it best that you should stay here. 我認(rèn)為你最好住這兒。

  He hasnt made it known when he is going to get married. 他還沒宣布他何時(shí)結(jié)婚。

  二、連詞that的省略問(wèn)題

  引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞that 通?梢允÷浴H纾

  She said (that) she would come to the meeting. 她說(shuō)過(guò)要來(lái)開會(huì)的。

  I promise you (that)I will be there. 我答應(yīng)你我會(huì)去。

  但是,有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào),that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可位于句首,此時(shí)that不可省略。如:

  That she is a good girl I know. 她是一個(gè)好姑娘,我是知道的。

  三、賓語(yǔ)從句與否定轉(zhuǎn)移

  當(dāng)動(dòng)詞think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 后接一個(gè)表示否定意義的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),其否定通常轉(zhuǎn)移到主句。如:

  I dont suppose that it is true. 我認(rèn)為那不是真的。

  I dont imagine that he will come. 我想他不會(huì)來(lái)的。

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