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英語動詞的時態(tài)

時間:2024-10-15 07:18:42 高級英語 我要投稿
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英語動詞的時態(tài)

  導(dǎo)語:有人說掌握好了動詞就相當(dāng)于掌握了一般的英語知識,那么與其相關(guān)的動詞時態(tài)也是很重要的,希望整理的這個對大家有幫助。

英語動詞的時態(tài)

  一般現(xiàn)在時表將來

  1)下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的'一般現(xiàn)在時可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如:

  The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點(diǎn)開。

  When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什么時候開?十分鐘后。

  2)以here, there等開始的倒裝句,表示動作正在進(jìn)行。例如:

  Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。

  There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。

  3)在時間或條件句中。例如:

  When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比爾來后,讓他等我。

  I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就寫信給你。

  4)在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如:

  I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。

  Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前,務(wù)必把窗戶關(guān)了。

  用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示將來

  下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時可以表示將來。例如:

  I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

  Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎?

  現(xiàn)在完成時

  現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài),其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在;也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成:have (has) +過去分詞。

  比較一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時

  1)一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強(qiáng)調(diào)動作;現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。

  2)一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用,而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用,或無時間狀語。

  一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆為具體的時間狀語。

  現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不確定的.時間狀語。

  共同的時間狀語:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

  3)現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),動詞一般是延續(xù)性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

  一般過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:

  I saw this film yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了)

  I have seen this film. (強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了)

  Why did you get up so early? (強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了)

  Who hasn't handed in his paper? (強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子未交,疑為不公平競爭)

  He has been in the League for three years. (在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))

  He has been a League member for three years. (是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))

  句子中如有過去時的時間副詞(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)時,不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時,要用過去時。

  (錯)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

  (對)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

  用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型

  1)It is the first / second time.... that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的`從句部分,用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如:

  It is the first time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次訪問這城市。

  This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 這是我第一次聽他唱歌。

  注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.

  2)This is +形容詞最高級+that…結(jié)構(gòu),that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。例如:

  This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。

  過去完成時

  1) 概念:表示過去的過去

  ----|----------|--------|----> 其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。

  那時以前  那時  現(xiàn)在

  2) 用法

  a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。例如:

  She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。

  b. 狀語從句

  在過去不同時間發(fā)生的`兩個動作中,發(fā)生在先,用過去完成時;發(fā)生在后,用一般過去時。例如:

  When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達(dá)時,小偷們早就跑了。

  c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:

  We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那時我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。

  3) 過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:

  He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學(xué)過一些英語。

  By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年,愛迪生開始自己謀生。

  Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

  湯姆失望了,因?yàn)樗竭_(dá)晚會時,大部分客人已經(jīng)走了。

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