英語閱讀提升訓練 前沿科學（完型填空）

　　明天就要高考了，今天小編準備了一些比較有代表性的高考英語閱讀理解題給大家考前練練手，希望可以幫助同學們在高考前盡快找到自己的做題狀態(tài)。

　　前沿科學

　　維A 完形填空(每題1.5分，滿分30分)

　　(2012·江蘇卷)The concept of solitude (獨處) in the digital world is almost non­existent.In the world of digital technology，e­mail，social networking and online video games，information is meant to be __1__.Solitude can be hard to discover __2__ it has been given up.In this respect，new technologies have __3__ our culture.

　　The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a(n) __4__ as we've known it.People have become so __5__ in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted __6__ they'd rather not be.Today we can talk，text，e­mail，chat and blog (寫博客)，not only from our __7__，but from our mobile phones as well.

　　Most developed nations have become __8__ on digital technology simply because they've grown accustomed to it，and at this point not __9__ it would make them an outsider.__10__，many jobs and careers require people to be __11__.From this point of view，technology has changed the culture of work.Being reachable might feel like a __12__ to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.

　　I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who __13__ wants it.Computers can be shut __14__ and mobile phones can be turned off.The ability to be “connected” and “on” has many __15__，as well as disadvantages.Travelers have ended up __16__ on mountains，and mobile phones have saved countless lives.They can also make people feel __17__ and forced to answer unwanted calls or __18__ to unwanted texts.

　　Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society __19__ across generations.Some find today's technology a gift.Others consider it a curse.Regardless of anyone's view on the subject，it's hard to imagine what life would be like __20__ daily advancements in technology.

　　【語篇解讀】 本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了在這個科技迅猛發(fā)展的時代，隨著各種各樣電子產(chǎn)品和通訊工具的出現(xiàn)，人與人之間的聯(lián)系已經(jīng)越來越依靠這些高科技產(chǎn)品，獨處似乎已經(jīng)成為不可能的事情。不管你喜不喜歡，如果沒有科技的進步，很難想象未來的生活會是什么樣子。

　　1.A.updated B.received C.shared D.collected

　　答案　C　[本段第一句話句意：在這個數(shù)字世界，獨處幾乎是不存在的。所以本句表達的意思是有了電子郵件、社會網(wǎng)絡等這些通訊工具，信息意味著被互相分享(share)。update更新;receive得到收到;collect 收集。]

　　2.A.though B.until C.once D.before

　　答案　C　[一旦你放棄了獨處，那么就很難再找回來。此處用連詞once引導條件狀語從句，符合語境。though盡管，引導讓步狀語從句; until直到，引導時間狀語從句;before在……之前，引導時間狀語從句。]

　　3.A.respected B.shaped C.ignored D.preserved

　　答案　B　[新技術(shù)應是塑造(shape)而不是尊重(respect)、忽視(ignore)或保護(preserve)我們的文化。 ]

　　4.A.edge B.stage C.end D.balance

　　答案　C　[既然想與他人有聯(lián)系，那自然就會結(jié)束獨處的境地。bring sth to an end使……結(jié)束，為固定表達。]

　　5.A.sensitive B.intelligent C.considerate D.reachable

　　答案　D　[在這個網(wǎng)絡相連的世界，找到一個人是如此容易。此處用reachable(可獲得的，可達到的)來表達人很容易被找到。sensitive敏感的;intelligent聰明的，有才智的;considerate體貼的，體諒的。]

　　6.A.even if B.only if C.as if D.if only

　　答案　A　[由空格前的one can often be contacted(一個人經(jīng)常會被聯(lián)系到)與空格后的they'd rather not be可知，空格處表示“即使”(even if)。]

　　7.A.media B.computers C.databases D.monitors

　　答案　B　[我們能交談、發(fā)短信、發(fā)電子郵件、聊天和寫博客，除了后面提到的能用手機做到之外，當然就是電腦(computer)了。]

　　8.A.bent B.hard C.keen D.dependent

　　答案　D　[既然大多數(shù)發(fā)達國家習慣了這種數(shù)字技術(shù)，所以人們就變得依賴它們。become dependent on為固定搭配，意為“變得依賴/依靠”。]

　　9.A.finding B.using C.protecting D.changing

　　答案　B　[在這種情況下，不使用(using)數(shù)字技術(shù)則使他們顯得像旁觀者、局外人。本處為動名詞短語作主語。]

　　10.A.Also B.Instead C.Otherwise D.Somehow

　　答案　A　[除了上文提到的人們已經(jīng)習慣了數(shù)字技術(shù)外，許多工作和職業(yè)也(also)需要人們互相聯(lián)系。]

　　11.A.connected B.trained C.recommended D.interested

　　答案　A　[許多工作和職業(yè)也需要人們互相聯(lián)系(to be connected)。其他選項用在此處的話句意不通順。]

　　12.A.pleasure B.benefit C.burden D.disappointment

　　答案　C　[下文提到的是那些不想被聯(lián)系到的人，所以能夠被reachable對他們來說自然就是一種負擔(burden)。]

　　13.A.slightly B.hardly C.merely D.really

　　答案　D　[solitude is still possible(獨處仍然是可能的)自然是對那些真正(really)想要獨處的人來說的，而不是slightly(稍微地)，hardly(幾乎不)，merely(僅僅)。]

　　14.A.out B.down C.up D.in

　　答案　B　[想要獨處，就把電腦關(guān)掉，手機也可被關(guān)掉。shut out不讓……進入;shut down關(guān)閉;shut up住口，監(jiān)禁;shut in把……關(guān)在房內(nèi)。]

　　15.A.aspects B.weaknessesC.advantages D.exceptions

　　答案　C　[由空格后的關(guān)鍵詞as well as disadvantages可知，應填advantages(有利條件)。]

　　16.A.hidden B.lost C.relaxed D.deserted

　　答案　B　[游客們在山中迷路(lost)，正是手機救了他們的命。如果說是游客們藏(hidden)在或被拋棄(deserted)在山中，則不合常理。]

　　17.A.trapped B.excited C.confused D.amused

　　答案　A　[本段提到“被聯(lián)系上”既有有利條件又有不利條件，上句“手機救了很多人的命”是有利條件，此處指不利條件，當人們被逼無奈回電話或回復信息時，他們會感到陷入困境。trapped陷入困境的，受到限制的。]

　　18.A.turn B.submit C.object D.reply

　　答案　D　[由17題解析可知此處表示“回復信息”。reply to為固定搭配，意為“回復”。]

　　19.A.vary B.arise C.spread D.exist

　　答案　A　[根據(jù)后面的Some...Others...可知人們對待“被聯(lián)系”的態(tài)度不同。vary變化。 ]

　　20.A.beyond B.within C.despite D.without

　　答案　D　[此處表示盡管人們的態(tài)度不同，但是很難想象沒有(without)科技進步的生活會是什么樣子。]

　　維B1 閱讀理解(每題2分，滿分分)

　　選材網(wǎng)站：http：//www.sciencedaily.com/releases

　　高考曾用材料：2012安徽卷E篇

　　選材相似度：★★★★

　　設(shè)題相似度：★★★

　　難度系數(shù)：★★★★

　　It is 7 o'clock in the morning.You check yourself in the mirror，adjust your collar，and consider the busy day ahead.But at least you know that the stress won't damage your health，for this is no ordinary set of clothes you are wearing.Set within the fabric are numerous sensors，constantly monitoring your vital signs.If danger signs are detected，the garment is programmed to contact your doctor—and send a text message telling you to take it easy.

　　Garments that can measure a wearer's body temperature or trace his or her heart activity are just entering the market，but the European project BIOTEX weaves new functions into smart textiles.Miniaturized biosensors in a textile patch can now analyze body fluids，even a tiny drop of sweat，and provide a much better assessment of someone's health.

　　Jean Luprano is a researcher at the Swiss Centre for Electronics and Micro­technology ( CSEM ).“One of the most obvious applications for smart fabrics is in the medical field，” he says.“There has been a good deal of progress with physiological measurements，body temperature or electro­cardiograms.But no one has yet developed biochemical sensing techniques that can take measurements from fluids like sweat and blood.We are developing a suite of sensors that can be integrated into a textile patch.The patch is a sensing and processing unit，adaptable to target different body fluids and biochemical species.At the very least，some basic biochemical analyses could complement the physiological measurements that can already be monitored.In some circumstances，fluidic analysis may be the only way to get information on a patient's health status.”

　　Notes：

　　vital adj.生命的�、趖extile n.紡織品�、踗luid n.體液

　�、躤lectro­cardiogram心電圖�、輎ntegrate vt.綜合

　　⑥biochemical adj.生物化學的�、遚omplement vt.補助

　　長短句分析：Garments that can measure a wearer's body temperature or trace his or her heart activity are just entering the market，but the European project BIOTEX weaves new functions into smart textiles.

　　句法點睛：本句中，that引導定語從句。

　　句意：能測量穿戴者的體溫或者追蹤其心臟活動的服裝正進入市場，而歐洲設(shè)計BIOTEX把新的功能織進智能紡織品中。

　　【語篇解讀】 本文是科技閱讀。高科技智能服裝可通過一滴汗水檢測出人們的身體的健康狀況，這種服裝剛剛進入市場。

　　1.What is the text mainly about?

　　A.Smart clothes that can track your health.

　　B.How to make your daily stress free.

　　C.New advancement in the medical field.

　　D.Biochemical sensing techniques.

　　答案　A　[主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了能夠檢測健康狀況的智能服裝。B項是對文章第一段的片面理解;C項意思范圍過大，超出了本文的內(nèi)容;D項沒有涉及服裝這一概念。]

　　2.The first paragraph is written to ________.

　　A.describe a common scene in people's life

　　B.introduce the topic of the passage

　　C.tell us to have a smooth start of our day

　　D.predict the new garments to appear

　　答案　B　[推理判斷題。分析第一段可知，作者通過描述引入本文的話題，使文章更具有趣味性。 ]

　　3.The garments are special because they can ________.

　　A.make physiological measurements of a patient

　　B.take one's body temperature

　　C.take electro­cardiograms of a patient

　　D.take measurements from fluids

　　答案　D　[細節(jié)理解題。從最后一段可知，A、B、C三項都是原先已有的技術(shù)，D項是本文所介紹的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。]

　　4.The garments mentioned in the passage are probably most useful in the fields of ________.

　　A.education B.medicine

　　C.environment D.fashion

　　答案　B　[細節(jié)理解題。從最后一段可知，智能纖維最大的用途體現(xiàn)在醫(yī)學領(lǐng)域。]

　　維B2 閱讀理解(每題2分，滿分分)

　　選材網(wǎng)站：http：//www.scidev.net/zh

　　高考曾用材料：2012湖南卷C篇

　　選材相似度：★★★★

　　設(shè)題相

　　Ever since the world was introduced to Dolly，the cloned sheep，in 1997，various fears have been expressed that researchers would be tempted to apply to humans the techniques that were used to produce her.Some objections have been practical; many scientists have warned that these techniques remain too dangerous.Others have focused on the unpredictable psychosocial consequences of producing humans that are genetically identical to other individuals.But the strongest opposition has been based on a moral certainty that，whatever the practical risks involved，producing carbon copies of human beings is ethically unacceptable.

　　The United Nations faces an opportunity to turn this moral certainty into international law when a committee takes up discussion of a possible treaty that would make what is known as “reproductive cloning” a criminal offence.Building on a long line of international treaties targeting unethical practices，from human slavery to the use of biological weapons，the United Nations is likely to be asked to approve a new agreement that would place human cloning in the same category.

　　In this case，however，the United Nations is in danger of shooting itself in the foot.For the debate over the outlawing of reproductive cloning has been hijacked by those whose principal goal is different.To achieve this，they are seeking to have the proposed ban extended to cover not only the reproductive cloning of human beings，but so­called “therapeutic cloning” as well.This involves growing fertilised embryos for several days，and then extracting from them cells that might later be used as replacement tissue or organs for other individuals.

　　Notes：

　�、賓thically adv.倫理上　②unethical adj.不道德的

　�、踭herapeutic adj.治療的�、躧ijack vt.劫持

　　長短句分析：Ever since the world was introduced to Dolly，the cloned sheep，in 1997，various fears have been expressed that researchers would be tempted to apply to humans the techniques that were used to produce her.

　　句法點睛：本句中，since引導時間狀語從句，第一個that引導同位語從句，修飾fears;第二個that引導定語從句，修飾techniques。

　　句意：自從1997年世界上第一次有了多利羊，人們表示出了各種擔心，擔心研究者會受誘惑把克隆羊的技術(shù)用到人類身上。

　　【語篇解讀】 克隆羊多利出現(xiàn)以后，人們擔心研究者會被利益驅(qū)動去克隆人。一個委員會想敦促聯(lián)合國就再生性克隆提出法律上的限制，但是這里面也出現(xiàn)了麻煩。如果這條法律通過了，醫(yī)療克隆也就被禁止了。

　　1.What was the fear of people after Dolly，the cloned sheep?

　　A.They feared that the sheep would die soon.

　　B.Techniques to clone animals were dangerous.

　　C.Researchers would clone human beings.

　　D.Researchers would produce therapeutic cloning.

　　答案　C　[細節(jié)理解題。從“various fears have been expressed that researchers would be tempted to apply to humans the techniques that were used to produce her”我們知道，克隆羊出現(xiàn)后，人們的擔心是，研究者會被利益驅(qū)動著去克隆人。]

　　2.What does the underlined word “identical” in the first paragraph mean?

　　A.Different. B.Similar in looks.

　　C.Special. D.Harmful.

　　答案　B　[詞義猜測題。聯(lián)系后面的“to other individuals”，再結(jié)合克隆的特點可知，他們擔心克隆出來的人與其他人在外觀上是一樣的。]

　　3.What's the committee's treaty about cloning?

　　A.Any activity of cloning humans is a criminal offence.

　　B.Reproductive cloning would be a criminal offence.

　　C.Cloning should be banned now.

　　D.The use of biological weapons is allowed.

　　答案　B　[細節(jié)理解題。從“a committee takes up discussion of a possible treaty that would make what is known as ‘reproductive cloning’a criminal offence”可以知道，委員會在討論關(guān)于再生性克隆是違法的條約。]

　　4.If there is a treaty to ban reproductive cloning ________.

　　A.it is likely to clone humans at present

　　B.cloning will bring unethical problems

　　C.it is still a problem how we make scientific research by cloning

　　D.therapeutic cloning will also be banned

　　答案　D　[細節(jié)理解題。從“To achieve this，they are seeking to have the proposed ban extended to cover not only the reproductive cloning of human beings，but so­called‘therapeutic cloning’as well.”可知，如果這個條約實施，不僅克隆人是犯罪，連醫(yī)療克隆也是犯罪。]

　　高考英語考試中英語閱讀題是不容丟分的部分，也是與其他考生拉開距離的地方，所以切記要多做題練題感。還有，夢想還是要有的，萬一考上了呢。小編也順便在這里預祝將要高考的同學們考試順利，高考英語六六六。

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