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感恩節(jié)的由來(lái)中英文版
感恩節(jié)到來(lái)之際你也來(lái)了解一些有關(guān)感恩節(jié)的相關(guān)知識(shí)吧!以下是YJBYS就業(yè)指導(dǎo)為您提供的關(guān)于感恩節(jié)由來(lái)的中英語(yǔ)版介紹，供你閱讀參考。
Thanksgiving Day in America is a time to offer thanks, of family gatherings and holiday meals. Atime of turkeys, stuffing, and pumpkin pie. A time for Indian corn, holidayparades and giant balloons.
在美國(guó)，感恩節(jié)是一個(gè)感謝恩賜，家庭團(tuán)聚，合家歡宴的日子;是一個(gè)家家餐桌上都有火雞、填料、南瓜餡餅的日子;是一個(gè)充滿(mǎn)了印第安玉米、假日游行和巨型氣球的日子。
The Pilgrims who sailed tothis country aboard the Mayflower were originally members of the EnglishSeparatist Church (a Puritan sect)。 They had earlier fled their home in England and sailed to Holland (The Netherlands) to escape religiouspersecution. There, they enjoyed more religious tolerance, but they eventuallybecame disenchanted with the Dutch way of life, thinking it ungodly. Seeking abetter life, the Separatists negotiated with a London stock company to financea pilgrimage to America. Most of those making the trip aboard the Mayflowerwere non-Separatists, but were hired to protect the company's interests. Onlyabout one-third of the original colonists were Separatists.
乘 “五月花”來(lái)到這個(gè)國(guó)度的旅行者(朝圣者)原本是英國(guó)分離者地下教會(huì)清教徒，他們的家在英國(guó)，因不堪忍受?chē)?guó)內(nèi)的宗教迫害，他們逃亡到荷蘭。在荷蘭，他們享受了更多的宗教信仰自由，但最終卻意識(shí)到在荷蘭的這種生活方式是對(duì)他們的主的褻瀆。為了尋求更好的生活，他們與倫敦貿(mào)易公司協(xié)商，由該公司資助他們到美國(guó)。在這趟旅途中，船上只有大約1/3的乘客是清教徒，其他大多數(shù)人并非分離派清教徒，而是公司雇傭來(lái)保護(hù)其利益的人員(契約奴)。
The Pilgrims set ground at Plymouth Rock onDecember 11, 1620. Their first winter was devastating. At the beginning of thefollowing fall, they had lost 46 of the original 102 who sailed on theMayflower. But the harvest of 1621 was a bountiful one. And the remainingcolonists decided to celebrate with a feast ——including 91 Indians who had helped the Pilgrims survive their first year. Itis believed that the Pilgrims would not have made it through the year withoutthe help of the natives. The feast was more of a traditional English harvestfestival than a true “thanksgiving” observance. It lasted three days.
1620年 12月11日，旅行者們?cè)?ldquo;普利茅斯石”登陸。他們的第一個(gè)冬季是災(zāi)難性的，第二年秋天來(lái)臨時(shí)，原來(lái)的102名乘客只剩下56人。但1621年他們獲得了大豐收，這些幸存的殖民者們決定和幫助他們度過(guò)困難的91名印第安人一起饗宴慶祝。他們相信，若沒(méi)有當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦膸椭麄兪遣豢赡芏冗^(guò)這一年的。這次節(jié)日的盛宴不僅僅是一個(gè)“感恩”儀式，它更像英國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的豐收慶典。慶典持續(xù)了三天。
Governor William Bradford sent “four men fowling” after wild ducks andgeese. It is not certain that wild turkey was part of their feast. However, itis certain that they had venison. The term “turkey” was used by the Pilgrims to mean any sort of wild fowl.
總督布雷德福派了“四人捕鳥(niǎo)隊(duì)”去捕捉野鴨和野鵝。我們現(xiàn)在并不能確定是否有野生火雞在當(dāng)時(shí)的筵席上，但筵席上肯定有鹿肉。當(dāng)時(shí)，朝圣者用“火雞”一詞來(lái)代表各種野禽。
Another modern staple at almost every Thanksgivingtable is pumpkin pie. But it is unlikely that the first feast included thattreat. The supply of flour had been long diminished, so there was no bread orpastries of any kind. However, they did eat boiled pumpkin, and they produced atype of fried bread from their corn crop. There was also no milk, cider,potatoes, or butter. There was no domestic cattle for dairy products, and thenewly-discovered potato was still considered by many Europeans to be poisonous.But the feast did include fish, berries, watercress, lobster, dried fruit,clams, venison, and plums.
現(xiàn)在，幾乎每家感恩節(jié)餐桌上都有南瓜餡餅――感恩節(jié)的另一種主食。但在當(dāng)年的第一次慶典上卻不可能有這種食品。因?yàn)槊娣燮嫒�，所以面包、餡餅、糕點(diǎn)等食物都沒(méi)有。但他們卻吃了煮南瓜，并用收獲的玉米制成了一種油炸面包。也沒(méi)有牛奶、蘋(píng)果酒、土豆和黃油。沒(méi)有馴養(yǎng)的奶牛，自然沒(méi)有牛奶;而新發(fā)現(xiàn)的土豆被很多歐洲人認(rèn)為是有毒的。第一次慶典上有魚(yú)、草莓、豆瓣菜、龍蝦、干果、蛤、鹿肉、李子等。
This “thanksgiving” feast was not repeated the following year. But in 1623, during asevere drought, the pilgrims gathered in a prayer service, praying for rain.When a long, steady rain followed the very next day, Governor Bradfordproclaimed another day of Thanksgiving, again inviting their Indian friends. Itwasn't until June of 1676 that another Day of Thanksgiving was proclaimed.
緊接著的第二年(1622)卻沒(méi)有舉行“感恩”慶典。到了1623年，發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)嚴(yán)重的旱災(zāi)，朝圣者們聚集到一起，舉行了虔誠(chéng)的祁雨儀式，剛好在第二天，一場(chǎng)充沛的大雨從天而降。威廉布雷德�？偠叫荚俅螒c祝感恩節(jié)，并再次邀請(qǐng)了他們的印第安朋友。之后數(shù)年無(wú)感恩節(jié)，直到1676年6月，感恩節(jié)才再次被提出。
On June 20, 1676, the governing council ofCharlestown, Massachusetts, held a meeting to determine how best to expressthanks for the good fortune that had seen their community securely established.By unanimous vote they instructed Edward Rawson, the clerk, to proclaim June 29as a day of thanksgiving. It is notable that this thanksgiving celebrationprobably did not include the Indians, as the celebration was meant partly to bein recognition of the colonists' recent victory over the “heathen natives,”
1676年 6月20日，馬薩諸塞州的查爾斯頓政府委員會(huì)召開(kāi)了一次會(huì)議，討論如何才能最好表達(dá)對(duì)主的謝意：主賜予他們好運(yùn)，庇佑他們安全地建立了他們的邦聯(lián)。經(jīng)過(guò)意見(jiàn)不統(tǒng)一的投票，由書(shū)記愛(ài)德華。勞森宣布6月29日為當(dāng)年的感恩節(jié)。值得注意的是，因此次慶典在一定程度上是殖民者對(duì)戰(zhàn)勝“野蠻的土著人”的慶祝，故印第安人極有可能未參加此次慶典。
October of 1777 marked the first time that all 13colonies joined in a thanksgiving celebration. It also commemorated thepatriotic victory over the British at Saratoga. But it was a one-time affair.
1777年10月，13個(gè)殖民地第一次聯(lián)合舉辦了感恩節(jié)慶典，這也是對(duì)薩拉托加一役中戰(zhàn)勝英國(guó)人所取得的愛(ài)國(guó)主義的勝利的紀(jì)念。但只舉行了這一年。
George Washington proclaimed a National Day ofThanksgiving in 1789, although some were opposed to it. There was discord amongthe colonies, many feeling the hardships of a few Pilgrims did not warrant anational holiday. And later, President Thomas Jefferson scoffed at the idea ofhaving a day of thanksgiving.
1789年，盡管出現(xiàn)反對(duì)的呼聲，華盛頓總統(tǒng)還是宣布感恩節(jié)為全國(guó)性節(jié)日。在殖民地中也存在意見(jiàn)的分歧，不少人認(rèn)為，僅僅一小撮朝圣者所經(jīng)歷的那些艱難困苦并不值得用一個(gè)全國(guó)節(jié)日來(lái)紀(jì)念。之后，杰弗遜總統(tǒng)還對(duì)這件事嗤之以鼻。
It was Sarah Josepha Hale, a magazine editor,whose efforts eventually led to what we recognize as Thanksgiving. Hale wrotemany editorials championing her cause in her Boston Ladies' Magazine, andlater, in Godey's Lady's Book. Finally, after a 40-year campaign of writingeditorials and letters to governors and presidents, Hale's obsession became areality when, in 1863, President Lincoln proclaimed the last Thursday inNovember as a national day of Thanksgiving.
若沒(méi)有薩拉·J· 黑爾――一位雜志編輯的努力，最終就不會(huì)有我們現(xiàn)在所謂的感恩節(jié)。在她主編的“波士頓婦女雜志”及稍后的“Godey's 女士手冊(cè)”中，她撰寫(xiě)了大量的社論，支持將感恩節(jié)定為全國(guó)性節(jié)日。40年中，她堅(jiān)持不懈地發(fā)表評(píng)論，不斷致信州長(zhǎng)乃至總統(tǒng)，最后，理想終于變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)：1863年，林肯總統(tǒng)發(fā)表聲明，將11月的最后一個(gè)星期四定為感恩節(jié)――一個(gè)全國(guó)性的節(jié)日。
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