1. Ŀ}
}P(gun)I (tng)ú֮ĵһԒֱӱĿ;
Y(ji)(do)ĿĵľͣI was wondering if you could…/ I would like to do…./ Do you happen to have sth?…
2. }}
(f)(x)Ҫc(din)ֱf(shu)}x(xing)̖(ho)~ɔ_x(xing)
Ҫyc(din)_(ki)^](mi)}tҪY(ji)ȫƪ(ni)ע⣺ȫƪ؏(f)~R;Y(ji)βεĿY(ji)?xn)?ni)
ʽ}ֱ(Ҋ(jin));(wn)ʽ(^Ҋ(jin));ȫƪƌ(do)(^Ҫץ؏(f))
(tng)_(ki)^ץ}䣺Today, we are going to talk about…/ I’d like to begin my lecture by introducing./ Let’s focus on…/ Let’s now take a look at..
Topicx(xing)ͽY(ji)(gu)the + ̖(ho)~+of + sth.
(f)(x)
Y(ji) (tng)ԭо;^x(xing)_x(xing)~R;e(cu)`x(xing)һ(li)(too general/too specific/inaccurate/irrelevant)
3. (tng)ش(li)}
(f)(x)Ҫc(din)ᆖ(wn)f(shu)Ԓԭf(shu)ԒˑB(ti);(du)Z(y)~ķֹܿY(ji)M(mn)/yД࣬{(dio)İա
Ҫyc(din)ܕ(hu)漰(x)Z(y)עՑB(ti)/AԵĶZ(y)w(li)Y(ji)
a) f(shu)ԒĿģע⿂Y(ji)ώ/W(xu)Ԓ;Delta̳P2355(xing)(׳F(xin)x(xing)еĽY(ji)(gu))
b) f(shu)Ԓ˵đB(ti)ȣY(ji)_(d)϶//_ȵZ(y)~/Z(y);Y(ji)x(xing)гF(xin)ıw~
ڳԒ7ܣ
f(shu)Simply put, Let’s put in this way..
Y(ji)w{ Now to sum/wrap up my speech
ָ You should have done sth better
l(f)˼ come on, you are supposed to know this
(qing){(dio)Ҫc(din) Please bear in mind that
ע Are you with me?
m` Wait a minute, I made a slip of tongue/ Sorry did I say…
x(xing)бw/B(ti)ȵ~doubtful/skeptical/incredulous; disturbed/annoyed; indifferent; enthusiastic/fascinated/interested; uncertain; angry/upset/disappointed ?
4. }
yyףǷ>>䌦(du);lɶൽ٣䌦(du)>Ƿ>
Ҫyc(din)Ƿͱ}Л](mi)ӛȫҪϢע^(gu)}xNox(xing)
1). 䌦(du)ͱ}ҪϢ(du)̖(ho)(c)ڿ(g)r(sh)gc(din)¼Č(du)(yng)/ҪՓc(din)µĸ֧֧x/Ҫc(din)
2). Ƿͱ}(c)ڿЩϢᵽ/](mi)ᵽ(עӛeҪ^c(din)/e)
Ƿͱ}xNox(xing)Ҫط
1. ʹ෴Ϣ(Ҋ(jin))
2. ͵Q(^Ҋ(jin))
3. ʹöм(x)(ji)ԓ(x)(ji)܌(du)(yng)ᵽ¼(^Ҋ(jin))
4. ʹδᵽϢ((du))
3). ͱ}(c)ڿ쌦(du)^(gu)/Eذ(עʾ~first, then last, finally)
5. (x)(ji)}/p(xing)x}
(f)(x)Ҫc(din)Ҫ(g)ԭ/Y(ji)e(do)~(磺such as, including, like, namely, to name a few)
Ҫyc(din)1. ɂ(g)ԭǰһ(g)b(yng)ע: the first, the other
2. Bm(x)e(g)(x)(ji)r(sh)ץס~
6. B(ti)}
(f)(x)Ҫc(din)Z(y)Yes/NoДҪ
Ҫyc(din)ͬӿܳF(xin)(x)Z(y)/Z(y)~{ֱX(ju)Д((g)~(li)ʾijNОu(png)r(ji)ע⌦(du)(g)~ĿY(ji)ɳ (tng)ش})
7. Y(ji)Փ}
(f)(x)Ҫc(din)^c(din)(do)~βעM(jn)ȗl
Ҫyc(din)βΛ](mi)ٴοY(ji)ǰă(ni)ݣؑ؏(f)^~