第一， 狀語從句。

　　在寫作當中運用的最多的是以下五種狀語從句，即原因狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，條件狀語從句，時間狀語從句和目的狀語從句。

　　1. 原因狀語從句：常由because, as, since和for引導

　　Eg: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits.

　　盡管如此，我還是贊成太空探險，因為它的好處遠遠大于壞處。

　　2. 讓步狀語從句：常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和notwithstanding引導

　　Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.

　　盡管這一觀點被廣泛接受，很少有證據(jù)表明教育能夠在任何地點、任何年齡進行。

　　3. 條件狀語從句：常由if, on the condition that和providing that引導

　　Eg: If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared.

　　假如你要取得成就或要實現(xiàn)你的雄心壯志，你必須努力工作、艱苦奮斗、準備好條件。

　　4. 時間狀語從句：常由when和while引導

　　Eg: When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.

　　說到教育，大部分人認為其是一個終生的學習。

　　5. 目的狀語從句: 常由so that和in order that引導

　　Eg: Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.

　　成千上萬的人們不得不花費的精力和時間學習新的技術(shù)和知識，使得他們在就業(yè)市場能保持優(yōu)勢。

　　第二， 定語從句。

　　這應該算是寫作中最常用的一種句型之一。適當?shù)剡\用定語從句可以給你的文章增色不少。

　　例如，下面的這兩個句子用上定語從句馬上就變成了一個漂亮的復雜句。

　　Bad books contain evil thoughts. In them, there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex.

　　→ Bad books, in which there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts.

　　第三， 賓語從句。

　　Eg: Some people claim that government should be mainly responsible for the environmental pollution.

　　一些人認為政府應對環(huán)境污染負主要責任。

　　Eg: Many experts point out that, along with the development of modern society, it is an inevitable result and there is no way to avoid it.

　　許多專家指出這是現(xiàn)代社會發(fā)展必然的結(jié)果，無法避免。

　　第四， 同位語從句。

　　Eg: It is an undeniable fact that environmental pollution becomes increasingly serious.

　　環(huán)境污染變得越來越嚴重是不可否認的事實。

　　Eg: No one can deny the basic fact that it is impossible for average workers to master those high-technology skills easily.

　　沒有人能否認這一基本事實：對于一般工人來講，輕松掌握這些技術(shù)是不可能的。

　　第五，主語從句。

　　Eg: What has caught our attention is /It is noticeable that the environment in both the rural and urban areas is deteriorating.

　　值得注意的是農(nóng)村和城市的生態(tài)環(huán)境都在不斷惡化。

　　Eg: It is universally acknowledged that environmental pollution becomes one of the most serious problems in China or even the world as a whole.

　　眾所周知，環(huán)境污染問題是中國乃至世界面臨的最為嚴重的問題之一。

　　第六，強調(diào)句: It is + 被強調(diào)的內(nèi)容 + that

　　Eg: It is cars and factories that release a great deal of gases, polluting the environment.

　　汽車和工廠排放大量的廢氣，使得環(huán)境被污染。

　　第七，倒裝句。

　　Eg: Only if the government will take some appropriate measures, will this intractable problem be tackled.

　　只有政府采取適當?shù)拇胧�，這個棘手的問題才能被解決。

　　第八，被動語態(tài)。

　　Eg: Every means should be tried to protect the environment on which people live.

　　人們應竭盡全力來保護我們賴以生存的環(huán)境。

　　第九， 分詞結(jié)構(gòu)：包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。

　　Eg: Tourism, which is a rising industry, has become the major source of economy, playing crucial role in many Asian countries.

　　旅游業(yè)是一個新興的行業(yè)，它成為經(jīng)濟的主要, 在很多東南亞國家起著尤為重要的作用。

　　Eg: To be more specific, government should stage some relevant laws or regulations to severely punish the factory producing a great number of pollutants and the people littering or spitting deliberately.

　　具體來說，政府應該出臺相關(guān)法律法規(guī)對制造大量污染物的工廠及故意亂扔垃圾隨地吐痰的人進行嚴懲。

　　第十，插入語。

　　一種獨立成分,與句子的其它成分一般沒有語法上的關(guān)系,大都是對一句話作一些附加說明或解釋。它通常由一個詞、一個短語或一個句子構(gòu)成,位置較為靈活,可置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗號或破折號與句子隔開。

　　Eg: Computer, an indispensable part in our life, has brought us great conveniences.

　　電腦，我們生活中必不可少的一部分，給我們帶來了極大的方便。

　　Eg: College students, lacking social experience, are easily cheated.

　　大學生，沒有社會經(jīng)驗，容易上當受騙。