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牛津?qū)嵱糜⒄Z(yǔ)語(yǔ)法
A想對(duì) I employed someone to do something for me(我雇用了某人為我做事)這一類句子作更簡(jiǎn)潔的表達(dá)時(shí),可以用這種結(jié)構(gòu):即不說(shuō) I employed someone to clean my car,而說(shuō) I had my car cleaned(我叫人擦了車子)。又如不說(shuō) I got a man to sweep my chimneys(這里got= paid/persuaded等),而說(shuō)I had my chimneys swept(我叫人通了煙囪)。
注意必須用have+賓語(yǔ)+過去分詞,否則意思就變了:
He had his hair cut.
他理了發(fā)。相當(dāng)于:
He employed someone to do it.
他雇人理發(fā)。
但是:
He had cut his hair.(過去完成時(shí))
他自己理了發(fā)。(在說(shuō)話之前的某個(gè)時(shí)刻他自己給自己理了發(fā))
have這樣用時(shí),其否定式和疑問式的現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)都要用
do來(lái)構(gòu)成:
-Do you have your windows cleaned evny month?
-I don’t have them cleaned;I clean them myself.
-你每月都要叫人擦窗戶嗎?
-我不叫別人擦,我自己擦。
He was talking about having central heating put in.Did he have it put in in the end?
他那會(huì)兒總說(shuō)要找人裝暖氣。到底裝上了沒有?
這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài):
I can’t ask you to dinner this week as I am having my house painted at the moment.
這一周我不能請(qǐng)你來(lái)吃飯了,因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在我正讓人刷房子呢。
While I was having my hair done the police towed away my car.
我(讓人)做頭發(fā)時(shí),警察把我的汽車拖走了。
The house is too small and he is having a room built on.
房子太小了,他正叫人添蓋一個(gè)房間。
get能夠像have一樣用于上述句中,但更口語(yǔ)化。句中提到完成動(dòng)作的那個(gè)人的時(shí)候,也可以用get:
She got him to dig away the snow.
她讓他把雪挖走。(她雇/說(shuō)服他……)
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