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高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主語(yǔ)從句與先行解析

時(shí)間:2024-11-15 18:59:38 基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ) 我要投稿
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高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主語(yǔ)從句與先行解析

  高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主語(yǔ)從句與先行解析

高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法主語(yǔ)從句與先行解析

  主語(yǔ)從句與先行it

  主語(yǔ)從句可以按其引導(dǎo)詞的不同分為三類:

  第一類,用從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,例如:

  That we shall be late is certain.

  That the driver could not control his car was obvious.

  這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要是對(duì)that從句的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),屬正式文體,連詞that不可以省略;但是在一般情況下,往往使用先行it結(jié)構(gòu),即用it作形式主語(yǔ),而把that從句放到后面,這時(shí),在口語(yǔ)中,連詞that有時(shí)則可以省略。所以上述兩句可以改為:

  It is certain that we shall be late.

  It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.

  如果整個(gè)句子是疑問(wèn)形式,就只能用先行it結(jié)構(gòu),例如:

  Is it true that he would take the risk?

  Is it possible that they will come tomorrow?

  常使用先行it結(jié)構(gòu),用that從句作主語(yǔ)的句子有下列幾個(gè)句型:

  1、It + be + 形容詞 + that從句:

  It is clear that he was telling the truth.

  It’s probable that we’ll be a little late.

  2、It + be + 名詞詞組 + that從句:

  It’s a pity that you can’t go with us.

  3、It + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + that從句:

  It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey.

  It shocked me that Peter didn’t tell anybody where he was.

  4、It + be + 過(guò)去分詞 + that從句:

  It is said that he has been there many times.

  5、It + seem/happen/appear等不及物動(dòng)詞 + that從句:

  It seems that he has lost something.

  注意:

  在上述第1和第2兩種句型中,that從句前置與使用先行it,that從句后置在意義上沒(méi)有什么差異;但使用先行it結(jié)構(gòu)較為常見(jiàn)。

  在第3種句型中,that從句前置在語(yǔ)法上是可能的,但實(shí)際上并不常見(jiàn),通?偸鞘褂孟刃衖t結(jié)構(gòu) .

  第4種句型實(shí)質(zhì)上是被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),由于that從句不可以位于句首作被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ),所以只能使用先行it結(jié)構(gòu)。

  第5種句型已經(jīng)形成了固定的搭配關(guān)系,that從句不能前置,只能使用先行it結(jié)構(gòu),不過(guò),這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以轉(zhuǎn)換為帶有不定式的簡(jiǎn)單句,例如:

  It happened that I had no money with me that day.

  → I happened to have no money with me that day.

  第二類,用連接代詞who、whose、which、what,連接副詞when、where、how、why,以及連詞whether(或if)引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,例如:

  Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.

  → It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident.

  What he did is not yet known.

  → It is not yet known what he did.

  Whether it is true remains a problem.

  → It remains a problem whether / if it is true.

  從以上例句可以看出,這類主語(yǔ)從句可以直接放在句首作主語(yǔ),也可以使用先行it結(jié)構(gòu),把主語(yǔ)從句放在后面,兩種結(jié)構(gòu)可以互換,意義上無(wú)差異,但用if 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí),只能采取先行it結(jié)構(gòu),也就是說(shuō)if不可以引導(dǎo)置于句首的主語(yǔ)從句。

  第三類,用what、whatever、where、wherever、whoever、whichever等代詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,例如:

  What he said at the meeting encouraged everyone.

  Whoever fails to see this will make a big blunder.

  這類從句一般相當(dāng)于帶有定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞詞組,即在結(jié)構(gòu)上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞加上一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,例如:

  What he wants to buy is a ten-speed bicycle.

  → The thing that he wants to buy is a ten-speed bicycle.

  Whoever breaks the law is sure to be punished.

  → Anyone who breaks the law is sure to be punished.

  切記,這類主語(yǔ)從句不可以使用先行it結(jié)構(gòu)。

  上述第二類主語(yǔ)從句與第三類主語(yǔ)從句盡管在形式上十分相似,但實(shí)際上是不同的。第二類結(jié)構(gòu)中用連接代/副詞引導(dǎo)的從句系由特殊疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái),以whether/if引導(dǎo)的從句系由一般疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái),自然含有疑問(wèn)的意味,例如:

  When they will have the sports meet is still a question.

  → When will they have the sports meet?

  Who he is doesn’t concern me.

  → Who is he?

  Whether he will join us won’t make too much difference.

  → Will he join us?

  而第三類結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句則沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)的意味。

  試比較下列各句:

  ① What caused the accident is a complete mystery.

 、 What caused the accident was a broken bottle.

 、 What she looks like doesn’t matter.

 、 What she’d like is a digital watch.

  上述各句中盡管都有一個(gè)以what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,但其意義不盡相同;第①和③句中的主語(yǔ)從句系由What caused the accident?和What does she look like?轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái),所以可以改成:

  It is a complete mystery what caused the accident.

  It doesn’t matter what she looks like.

  第②④句中的主語(yǔ)從句含義分別為T(mén)he thing that caused the accident和The thing which she’d like,所以不含疑問(wèn)意味,因此不可以說(shuō):

  It was a broken bottle what caused the accident.

  It is a digital watch what she’d like.

  但是可以說(shuō):

  It was a broken bottle that caused the accident.

  It is a digital watch that she’d like.

  不過(guò),這已不是主語(yǔ)從句,而是強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)了。

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