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萬圣節(jié)英文簡介

時間:2022-04-01 13:55:18 初級英語 我要投稿

萬圣節(jié)英文簡介

  萬圣節(jié)前夕,在每年的10月31日,是西方的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。許多亞洲地區(qū)的人將萬圣節(jié)前夕誤稱為萬圣節(jié)。下面是小編給大家提供的萬圣節(jié)的英文簡介,歡迎大家閱讀參考!

萬圣節(jié)英文簡介

  【萬圣節(jié)英文簡介】

  Halloween is an autumn holiday that Americans celebrate every year. It means "holy evening," and it comes every October 31, the evening before All Saints' Day. However, it is not really a church holiday, it is a holiday for children mainly.

  Every autumn, when the vegetables are ready to eat, children pick large orange pumpkins. Then they cut faces in the pumpkins and put a burning candle inside. It looks as if there were a person looking out of the pumpkin! These lights are called jack-o'-lanterns, which means "Jack of the lantern".

  The children also put on strange masks and frightening costumes every Halloween. Some children paint their faces to look like monsters. Then they carry boxes or bags from house to house. Every time they come to a new house, they say,"Trick or treat! Money or eat!" The grown-ups put treat-money or candy in their bags.

  Not only children, but most grown-ups also love Halloween and Halloween parties because on this day,they can disguise themselves as personages or ghost as their imaginations will lead them. This bring them the satisfaction of being young.

  【萬圣節(jié)簡介】

  萬圣夜英文稱之“Halloween”,為“All Hallow Eve”的縮寫,是指萬圣節(jié)(All Hallow's Day)的前夜,類似于圣誕夜被稱為“Christmas Eve”!癏allow”來源于中古英語halwen,與holy詞源很接近,在蘇格蘭和加拿大的某些區(qū)域,萬圣節(jié)仍然被稱為“All Hallow Mas”,意思是在紀念所有的圣人(Hallow)那一天,要舉行的彌撒儀式(Mass)。

  萬圣夜通常與靈異的事物聯(lián)系起來。歐洲傳統(tǒng)上認為萬圣節(jié)是鬼魂世界最接近人間的時間,這傳說與中國的盂蘭節(jié)類似。美國明尼蘇達州的Anoka號稱是“世界萬圣節(jié)之都”,每年都舉行大型的巡游慶祝。

  【萬圣節(jié)的起源】

  兩千多年前,歐洲的天主教會把11月1日定為“天下圣徒之日” (ALL HALLOWS DAY) !癏ALLOW” 即圣徒之意。傳說自公元前五百年,居住在愛爾蘭、蘇格蘭等地的.凱爾特人 (CELTS) 把這節(jié)日往前移了一天,即10月31日。

  他們認為該日是夏天正式結束的日子,也就是新年伊始,嚴酷的冬季開始的一天。那時人們相信,故人的亡魂會在這一天回到故居地在活人身上找尋生靈,借此再生,而且這是人在死后能獲得再生的唯一希望。

  而活著的人則懼怕死魂來奪生,于是人們就在這一天熄掉爐火、燭光,讓死魂無法找尋活人,又把自己打扮成妖魔鬼怪把死人之魂靈嚇走。之后,他們又會把火種燭光重新燃起,開始新的一年的生活。傳說那時凱爾特人部落還有在10月 31日把活人殺死用以祭奠死人的習俗。

  到了公元1世紀,占領了凱爾特部落領地的羅馬人也漸漸接受了萬圣節(jié)習俗,但從此廢止了燒活人祭死人的野蠻做法。羅馬人慶祝豐收的節(jié)日與凱爾特人儀式結合,戴著可怕的面具,打扮成動物或鬼怪,則是為了趕走在他們四周游蕩的妖魔。這也就是今天全球大部分人以古靈精怪的打扮,來慶祝萬圣節(jié)的由來。

  時間流逝,萬圣節(jié)的意義逐漸起了變化,變得積極快樂起來,喜慶的意味成了主流。死魂找替身返世的說法也漸漸被摒棄和忘卻。到了今天,象征萬圣節(jié)的形象、圖畫如巫婆、黑貓等,大都有友善可愛和滑稽的臉。

  羅馬皇帝君士坦丁信主后,立基督教為國教,當時的基督教實際已演變成天主教。 君士坦丁下令全國人民都要皈依基督教,結果沒有悔改的異教徒加入了教會,把各樣 異教作風帶進來,包括死節(jié),他們要維持這節(jié)日為生活的一部分。

  由于教會無法消除民眾的異教風俗,只有把部分風俗圣化,特別是十月三一日的死 節(jié)。在第八世紀,羅馬教皇定十一月一日為萬圣日(All Saints’ Day),來記念教會史 上一切殉道的圣徒。這樣,十月卅一日便是萬圣日的前夕。天主教會容許民眾在十月 卅一日守節(jié),因為十一月一日是圣日。

  后來All Saint’s Day 變成All Hallows Day, 而hallows是“神圣”的意思,十月卅一日便是萬圣夜(All Hallows Evening)。Evening后來縮減為eve和een,前者是“前夕”的意思,后者是evening的 縮寫,意即“夜晚”,便成為今天的Halloween,代表死節(jié)是萬圣日的前夕。華人索性把十月三一日稱為萬圣節(jié),其實該譯作“萬靈節(jié)”。

  萬圣節(jié)英文簡介

  Halloween, or Hallowe'en, a holiday celebrated on the night of October 31, is a mix of ancient Celtic practices, Catholic and Roman religious rituals and European folk traditions that blended together over time to create the holiday we know today.

  萬圣節(jié)前夜(每年10月31日),在其形成過程中逐漸融合了凱爾特習俗、天主教儀式和歐洲民間傳統(tǒng),最終形成了我們今天所見的這樣一個節(jié)日。

  Ancient

  遠古時期

  Shades: Throughout ancient history, Shades meant the spirit of a dead person, residing in the underworld.

  幽靈:遠古時期,人們認為幽靈是生活在地下世界的死者的靈魂。

  Carving gourds into elaborately decorated lanterns dates back thousands of years to Africa.

  將葫蘆精雕細刻、做成燈籠的習俗可追溯到幾千年前的非洲。

  800-450 B.C.

  公元前800-450年

  The ancient Celts believed that wearing masks would ward off evil spirits.

  古凱爾特人相信戴上面具可以避開邪靈。

  Pre-1st Century

  1世紀前

  Samhain: The Festival of Samhain is a celebration of the end of the Gaelic harvest season.

  死神節(jié):蓋爾人(蘇格蘭和愛爾蘭的凱爾特人)慶祝豐收季節(jié)結束的節(jié)日。

  1st Century

  1世紀

  Gaels believed that the border between this world and the otherworld became thin on Sambain; because animals and plants were dying, it allowed the dead to reach back through the veil that separated them from the living.

  蓋爾人相信,在死神節(jié),現世與冥界的邊界會逐漸消失。動物和植物紛紛死去,而死者將穿過把他們同生者隔開的幕布重回世間。

  Bonfires played a major role in the Festival of Samhain. Celebrants wore costumes, mostly skins and animal heads, and danced around bonfires.

  篝火對于死神節(jié)來說是必不可少的。參加慶典的人們穿上動物的皮毛和頭顱做成的服裝,圍著篝火舞蹈。

  By A.D. 43, Romans had conquered much of Celtic territory. Two Roman festivals were combined with the Celtic celebration of Samhain: Feralia, a day in late October when Romans commemorated the passing of the dead, and a day to honor Pomona, Roman goddess of fruit and trees.

  公元43年,羅馬人占領了凱爾特人的大部分領土,并將兩個羅馬節(jié)日與死神節(jié)的傳統(tǒng)結合起來:一個是紀念死者的Feralia節(jié)(十月末的一天),另一個是紀念羅馬的果樹女神Pomona的節(jié)日。

  Werewolf: The original werewolf of classical mythology, Lycaon, a king of Arcadia who, according to Ovid's Metamorphoses, was turned into a ravenous wolf by Zeus. Possibly the source of the term lycanthropy.

  狼人:古羅馬詩人奧維德在他的《變形記》中描繪了古典神話中狼人的原型——阿卡迪亞王呂卡翁,由于觸怒天神宙斯而被變成了一匹狼。也許“變狼妄想狂”一詞就是來源于這個故事。

  3rd Century

  3世紀

  In the Roman Catholic church, a commemoration of "All Martyrs" was celebrated between mid April and early May.

  在每年四月中旬到五月初這段時間,羅馬天主教會慶祝一個名為“眾殉道者節(jié)”的紀念性節(jié)日。

  7th Century

  7世紀

  The festival of All Siants dates to May 13 in 609 or 610, when Pope Boniface IVconsecrated the Pantheon at Rome.

  公元609或610年,教皇卜尼法斯四世為羅馬萬神殿祝圣,并將5月13日定為“眾圣人節(jié)”。

  This date was an ancient pagan observation, the end of the Feast of the Lemures, in which the evil and restless spirits of all the dead were appeased.

  這一節(jié)期原本是古老的異教節(jié)日——勒姆瑞斯(夜游魂)節(jié)的末尾,在這一節(jié)日期間人們試圖安撫那些邪惡且永不安寧的亡魂。

  8th Century

  8世紀

  Pope Gregory III designated November 1st All Saints' Day, a time to honor saints and martyrs.

  教皇格列高利三世將每年11月1日定為“眾圣人節(jié)”,以此紀念圣人和殉道者。

  Many believe the pope was attempting to replace the Celtic festival of the dead with a related, but church-sanctioned holiday.

  人們相信,教皇此舉是為了用一個教會認可的節(jié)日來替代凱爾特的亡者之節(jié)日。

  Saint Boniface declared that belief in the existence of witches was un-Christian.

  圣卜尼法斯(680-754,本篤會修士,美因茨大主教)宣布,相信女巫的存在是不合基督教教義的。

  10th Century

  10世紀

  The Catholic church made November 2nd All Souls' Day, a day to honor the dead.

  天主教會將每年11月2日定為“萬靈節(jié)”,以紀念死者。

  The three Catholic celebrations, the eve of All Saints', All Saints', and All Souls', were called Hallowmas.

  至此,天主教的三大節(jié)日——眾圣人節(jié)前夜,眾圣人節(jié),萬靈節(jié),被統(tǒng)稱為“Hallowmas”(即“萬圣節(jié)”之意)。

  Middle Ages

  中世紀

  Carved turnips in Ireland and Scotland are used as candle lanterns in windows to ward off harmful spirits.

  在愛爾蘭和蘇格蘭,人們將蕪菁(形似蘿卜)雕刻成燈籠放在窗臺上,以此抵擋邪靈。

  Soul cakes, often simply referred to as souls, were given out to soulers (mainly consisting of children and the poor) who would go from door to door on Hallowmas singing and saying prayers for the dead. Each cake eaten would represent a soul being freed from Purgatory.

  另一項傳統(tǒng)習俗涉及“靈魂餅”:在萬圣節(jié)期間,小孩和窮人會挨家挨戶地唱歌并為死者祈禱,人們則給他們一種被稱作“靈魂餅”的點心作為報酬。據說每吃掉一個“靈魂餅”,就會有一個靈魂被從煉獄中拯救出來。

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